Large Queen Paper Types (With Cross References To Duckworth Types)

Printing Location Characteristics/Description  Type Code Values Seen On
First  Ottawa Smooth, but not silky smooth, stout horizontal wove paper, with clear, closely spaced horizontal mesh, and very slight rippling visible on the felt side. I refer, in my Small Queen table to this as ribbing, but on this it is really more of a rippled effect. 

FO-D

15c
First Ottawa Rough, horizontal wove, with barely discernable mesh. What is striking about this paper is the very rough and fibrous appearance (moreso on the back than the front). This is one of the few papers of this period to show loose fibres on the paper surface under magnification.

FO-L


1/2c
First Ottawa Stout horizontal wove with coarse mesh, smooth, semi-porous felt side.  FO-M (Duckworth 4) All except 5c
First  Ottawa Stout, medium vertical wove paper, with clear, coarse vertical mesh and a somewhat porous surface under magnification (felt and wire side, though the wire side is more porous than the felt side) FO-N (Duckworth 6 & Bothwell) All except 5c
First  Ottawa Thinner to Medium stout horizontal wove with clear, closely spaced horizontal mesh, and a smooth, non-porous felt side. This is a slightly translucent paper, in that you can just make out the text from a book, if you place the stamp face down on top of the printed words. FO-O (Duckworth 10) All except 5c
First  Ottawa As FO-L above, but vertical, rather than horizontal mesh FO-P (Duckworth 3) 12.5c
First Ottawa Stout, but silky-smooth horizontal wove paper, with closely spaced horizontal mesh (similar in appearance to FO-O, but for the silky smooth feel) FO-Q 15c
First  Ottawa Soft, somewhat translucent horizontal wove paper, with mesh that only really becomes visible under a loupe, or when held up to the light, when it shows up as somewhat coarse. The wire side is semi-porous, while the felt side is non-porous. It "glides" easily between the thumb and index finger. The design is visible through the back, but text is not when laid face down on a book.  FO-R (Duckworth 3) 1c
First Ottawa Translucent horizontal wove paper, without clear mesh, even when held up to backlight. The felt side is semi-porous, while the wire side is porous. The translucency is similar to FO-O FO-S (Duckworth 2?) 3c
First  Ottawa Very thin, completely transparent, stout horizontal wove paper, with somewhat obscure horizontal mesh on a rough wire side, but a non-porous felt side, that shows horizontal ribbing similar to type MM-B on the Small Queen issue. This paper is so transparent, you can read black text through the back when the stamp is face up on a book. The design is completely visible through the back.  FO-T 3c
First  Ottawa Soft, translucent horizontal wove paper, with clear, closely spaced horizontal mesh. Both felt and wire side are semi-porous. The design is visible through the back of the paper, but book text is not clearly visible through the paper. FO-U (A variant of the thin paper, which would be Duckworth 2) 12.5c
First  Ottawa Medium stout opaque vertical wove paper, showing clear, coarse mesh that only becomes clearer with backlight. Block letter Bothwell watermark. Wire & felt sides are semi-porous.  FO-V (Bothwell, Duckworth Paper 6)  1c
First  Ottawa Translucent vertical wove paper with no distinct mesh, even when held up to backlight. The felt side is relatively smooth and semi-porous, while the wire side is rougher and porous.  FO-W (Duckworth Paper 1) 2c
First  Ottawa As FO-V, but mesh is only really noticeable in backlight.  FO-X (variant of Bothwell paper) 1c
Mid Montreal White stout horizontal wove paper with very coarse horizontal mesh, and smooth, semi-porous felt side MM-I 5c (Scarce)
Mid Montreal Thick, hard opaque vertical wove paper with fine vertical mesh that appears coarse in backlight.  MM-F 5c
Mid Montreal As MM-D of the Small Queens: Hard medium white wove with coarse vertical mesh, but with a slightly vertically corrugated felt side. MM-X 15c
Late Second Ottawa Stout, translucent vertical wove with clear vertical mesh, and smooth, non-porous felt side and brownish semi-gloss gum. SO-JJ 15c
Late Second Ottawa As above, but mesh is less distinct, paper is more translucent, and gum is a lighter cream semi-gloss SO-KK 15c